Process of water-jacketing.



J. B. MERIAIVI.

PROCESS OF WATER JACKETING. APPLICATION man JAN-Z1. 1914.

- mmwmm 3 2 Steam WT/h ESSES Iii 165N701? Patented Apr. 13, 1915 fl w Vsane JOSEPH B. MERIFAM, F CLEVELAND, OHIO.

' PROCESS OF WATER-JACKETING.

manner.-

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Apr. 13, 1915..

Application filed January 21, 1914:. Serial No. 813,570.

and useful'Impi-ovement' in Processes of,

Water-Jacketing, of which the following is a full, clear, and exactdescription, referall .satisfactory with water at 190? rally ence beinghad to the accompanying drawings. I The general object of this inventionis to increase the work obtained from fuel used .in internal combustionengines. This is accomplished by a process of water jacketing the engineand utilizing the heated water 1n a way to provide better combustionwithin the engine, and recover a large portion of the heat from thejacketed water.

It has heretofore been the common practice to run water through thejacket in the internal combustion engine, comparatively slowly, at atemperature very materially below the boiling point, for it has beenfound that if the water rises much above 170 or 180 Fahrenheit, thatundesirable results are produced within the engine, from the charring oflubricating oil, heating of the piston, etc. From my experiments,indlcating that a much higher temperature of the cylinder wall couldsafely be used than that accompanying water at 170 in the jacket, thequery arose, why should results be uny e periments to answerthatquestion, convinced me that the trouble heretofore has been that whenthe water reaches a temperature much in excess of 170, steam bubbles areformed along the outer surface of the cylinder wall, which by adheringthereto practically insulate that wall from the water, so'that the wallimmediately receives a temperature very much in. excess of that which isnatuassociated with the temperature of the water. It seemed therefore,that if the formation and particularly the adherence of the steambubbles could be prevented, water at much higher, temperaturewaterconsid erable above boiling point-could be used with two advantageousresults, namely: a more desirable and more efficient temperature may bemaintained within the cylinder, and, second, the jacketed water maybeused in the production of steam, for which there is usually a demand,without the plant using the engine. There is seldom a material demandfor. hot water below the boiling point.

I have discovered that I can satisfactorily prevent the adhesion andsubstantially.pre

.vent the formation of the undesiyablesteam bubbles, by forcing thewater through the jacket at a! comparatively high speed. When the waters so moved, it may be maintained at a temperature very materially abovethe boiling point, without the formation of the bubbles. By way ofillustration, experiments have shown that with water flowing through thejacket at about feet per minute, (the water flowing at approximatelythis speed around the jacket space for the greater portion of its area)the Water may be at a temperature of 27 0 and still keep the cylinderwall cool enough to prevent undesirable results. The discharged watermay be then used for the production of steam. "Accordingly, a moreefficient operation takes place in the engine, there being more completecombustion and less loss of heat into the water jacket, and of the heatwhich does not pass into the jacket, a large portion is recovered by wayof steam, resulting in a very material increase in the total amount ofwork obtained for a given quantity of .fuel.

My process is illustrated by the accompanying drawing, and ishereinafter more fully described in connection therewith. It is to beunderstood that the particular apparatus shown is simply an example ofmany embodiments which may be employed.

The drawing shows a vertical section through an engine cylinder with apiston therein and a suitable reservoir for the water and steam, andshows pipe connections from the reservoir to the cylinder, and from thecylinder back to the reservoir, and also shows a suitable pump forforcing the water through the cylinder jacket at the desired speed. i

In the drawing 1 indicates the cylinder of an internal combustionengine, 2 the crank case upon .which'the cylinder is mounted, 3 theinner casing, l the outer casing between which is formed the waterjacket 5. 7 indivalves 12 and 18 ope rated in the usual v manner. vflflThe water jacket 5 is extended around the connection with the mainportion of the no exhaust passage as' shown at 15, being in.

' portion of the pump, which cylinder jacket through and the speed ofthe water is passed through water jacket. Leading to the intermediateiacket 5, through the outer casing l, is a pipe 16 having its inner endabutting the inner casing 3, and being provided With a transverse slot18, from which the water flows tangentially of the cylinder jacket. Atthe other end-of this'pipe is a suitable pump 20, indicated as acentrifugal may be driven in any suitable manner.v Leading to this pump20 is a pipe 22 which is in communication at 23 with the bottom of thereservoir 25. The reservoir is partially filled with water (indicated by"d broken line 26) which is drawn through the pipe 22 by means of thepump 20, and forced through the pipe 16 tangentially into .the the slotl8. The water then flows preferably from the top of the cylinder at 28,upwardly through aypipe 29, and back into the reservoir 25, as-shown. Inthis Way the Water is caused to pass rapidly around the inside of thecylinder jacket and thereby wipe off andprevent the forma-. .tion ofbubbles on the outer surface of the inner casing 3. The speed at whichthis the cylinder jacket, points in the'jacket, that at a point adjacentthe inlet pipe 16, and more slowly at either end ofthe jacket and aroundthe exhaust passage, and, then flows more rapidly again adjacent theoutlet port. 28.

I have found that in practice,

varies at different is it flows fastest the water in the jacket atabout270 Fahrenheit, and that steam is then rapidly formed in the reservoir25, and I may carry a constant pressure "in said reservoir from 30 H140pounds. It guresmentioned herein, relatingto the temperature water, ofthe steam, are given merely as examples, ,and may vary greatl and I-donot Wish to limit myself to them, although the speed of the water in-thejacket is'necessarily considerably faster than is ordinarily used.Leading from the top of the reservoir, is a steam pipe 30, in which maybe provided a I water in the jacket,

suitable safety valve,

indicated at 32. The reservoir may also be provided with asuitable gage34, by which the pressure of steam is indicated, "and by which maybeascertained approximately the temperature of the the one beingproportioned to the other.

s the Water within the reservoir passes ofi' in'steam, more waterissupplied to the reservoir from asuitablesource, through a supply pipe35, which of a valve 36 indicated inbroken lines, and

keeps-the water at approximately the same level in the reservoir. As aconvenient means for ascertaining the level of the Water 111. the.reservoir, a sight glass 38 is mounted -of steam and by the engine maybe very elliciently run with 111 an internal combustion and the pressuresteam bubbles to the outer is under thecontrol on the reservoirincommunication with the the cylinder'jacket rapidly, as described, I

prevent steam bubbles forming on and adhering to the outer surfacesofthe inner casing and thereby insulating the body of the water in thejacket from this casingand preventing the effective cooling thereof.This allows the water to be used at a much higher temperature, so thatsteam is proucedby heat which would otherwise have been wasted, therebyutilizing a greater portion of the energy in a given amount of fuel. Itwill also be seen that by running the engine with the interior of thecylinder at this somewhat higher temperature, fuel is more effectivelyburned and greater power is derived from a given amount of fuel on eachexplosion, thereby increasing the power developed by the engine.periment, that the pressure of the water in the jacket, caused by thesteam pressure in the reservoir also tends to prevent the formation ofthese steam bubbles which insulate the water from the inner jacket.Accordingly, by carrying a reasonable pressure running thewater throughthe cylinder jacket rapidly, in the manner described, I very effectivelyaccomplish the desired results.

claim While preventing the adherence of steam bubbles to the outersurface of the inner Wall of the jacket.- I 2. The process ofefiicientlyutilizing fuel in an internal combustion engine consisting ofmaintaining the water in the Water jacket at a temperature high enoughto form steam while -runnin such water through the jacket with su cientrapidity to prevent the formation and adherence of surface of the innerwall of the jacket.

he process of efficiently utilizing fuel in an internal combustionengine cons1sting of maintaining the water in the water jacket at atemperature high enough to form steam, running such water through thejacket with comparative rapidity to prevent the formation and adherenceof steam bubbles to the inner wall of the jacket and allowing steam toform outside of the jacket. Y

4. The process of elficientlyutilizin fuel in an internal combustionengine consisting 'of maintaining in the water jacket water at atemperature high enough to form steam, forcing the same through thejacket rapidly enough to-preve'nt steam bubbles maaeaa m forming onandadhering to the innenwall of the jacket and then conducting suchheated water to a reservoir.

5. The processlof efiiciently utilizing feel t in an internal combustionengine consistmg of pumping Water rapidly through the jacket from andback to a reservoir, rapidly enough to allow the water in the jacket andreservoir-to be maintained at a tem- 10 perature above 212, bypreventing the formation and adherence of steam bubbles to the innerwall of the jacket, while allowing the steam to separate from the WaterWithin the jacket.

In testimon gl whereof I hereunto affix my 15 signature in t e presenceof twowitness'ea JOSEPH .B. MERIAMJ v "Witnesses: I

HARRY 1F. STAHL, HOWARD W. PRICE.-

